Divine peace or shalom in hebrew upon those who seek and acknowledge truth and guidance sent by God. I read your article about Mutazili heretics. I am happy to learn that you criticized them. I am curious about Hadith studies specifically in Abbasid era. The violence they committed against houses of worship is against Quran 22:40. So, Goldziher is right that orthodox Muslims were lenient compared to Mutazili kings. Orthodox Muslims only consider the first 30 years of caliphate after the death of Prophet Muhammad peace and blessings be upon him, to be normative.
A spiritual Ishmaelite 