A spiritual Ishmaelite

Toward an Astrofiqh of Solastalgia: The Reconstructive Thinker Required for Life Beyond Earth

The prospect of sustained human presence in space forces Islamic jurisprudence into a domain for which neither classical precedent nor modern adaptationist strategies are sufficient. While existing discussions of astrofiqh have largely focused on technical accommodations—prayer orientation, fasting cycles, ritual timing—these concerns, though necessary, remain superficial. They fail to address a deeper rupture that long-duration space habitation introduces: solastalgia, the existential and moral distress arising from the loss of environmental continuity and the severing of ties to a lived sense of home. To address this rupture, what is required is not a specialist jurist or an ethicist of space, but a distinct kind of reconstructive thinker capable of rearticulating the telos of fiqh under non-terrestrial conditions.

Solastalgia in space is not simply an extension of homesickness. On Earth, grief for place presupposes the continued existence of an inhabitable world to which one may return. In space, particularly in extra-terrestrial or orbital environments, this presupposition collapses. The human subject is no longer embedded in inherited geographies, circadian rhythms, or ecological affordances that have historically grounded religious life. Concepts such as suknā (dwelling), sakīnah (tranquility), and even communal obligation take on an unfamiliar fragility. This condition constitutes not merely a psychological stressor but a juridico-moral injury—a disruption in the relationship between human responsibility, divine trust (amānah), and the created order.

An astrofiqh adequate to this condition cannot be produced through rule-extension alone. The question is not how to apply existing rulings in space, but what fiqh is for when the category of “home” itself becomes unstable. Classical jurists, for all their rigor, worked within assumptions of terrestrial embeddedness. Mystical cosmologists, while offering expansive symbolic visions, lack the institutional traction required for operative normativity. Space ethicists provide anticipatory reasoning but remain normatively thin, and psychologists of space address distress without moral articulation. The challenge of solastalgia exposes the insufficiency of each of these approaches in isolation.

What is required instead is a reconstructive astro-orthopractic thinker—one whose stable epistemic posture is generative and embodied, yet who can move with discipline into constraining and discursive modes when necessary. Such a thinker does not abandon orthodoxy; rather, they decenter terrestrial assumptions without desacralizing the cosmos. Tawḥīd is affirmed as cosmic rather than geographic, and the qiblah is understood as a discipline of orientation rather than a fetishization of coordinates. Sacred space is neither abolished nor fixed; it is rendered portable through practice, intention, and communal design.

Central to this reconstructive role is phenomenological literacy in environmental grief. Solastalgia must be read not as pathology but as moral signal—a response to the disruption of humanity’s role as steward (khalīfah) within a comprehensible and habitable creation. This requires fluency in neurophenomenology and affective epistemology, enabling the thinker to translate experiential distress into legally and ethically meaningful categories. In this framework, grief for Earth becomes jurisprudentially relevant, potentially grounding legal concessions, revised obligations, and new forms of communal care.

Equally essential is embodied authority under constraint. Astrofiqh cannot be credibly articulated from the armchair. The reconstructive thinker must either participate directly in analog space simulations or work in sustained collaboration with astronauts, mission planners, and life-support engineers. Authority here is not derived solely from textual mastery but from exposure to the limits imposed by isolation, confinement, and technological mediation. Only under such conditions can mercy (raḥmah) be properly calibrated to necessity (ḍarūrah).

This thinker must also be institutionally bilingual. They must speak to space agencies in the language of systems, risk, and human factors, while simultaneously engaging Islamic legal councils in the language of maqāṣid, obligation, and moral accountability. Their task is translational: rendering psychological distress legible as grounds for legal adjustment, engineering constraints intelligible as ethical boundaries, and isolation recognizable as a trigger for communal obligation rather than individual failure.

Historical analogues exist only in fragments. Al-Shāṭibī offers a model of maqāṣid reasoning under systemic stress; Ibn Taymiyyah exemplifies jurisprudence forged in displacement and crisis; Shāh Walī Allāh demonstrates reconstruction amid civilizational rupture; Ibn Khaldūn integrates ecology, psychology, and normativity. Yet none faced the ontological dislocation of leaving Earth itself. The astrofiqh of solastalgia requires a recombination of these functions under unprecedented conditions.

The outputs of such reconstructive work would be concrete and consequential. They would include a jurisprudence of environmental absence that recognizes grief and loss as morally salient states; rituals of cosmic orientation designed to preserve sakīnah without terrestrial cues; legal recognition of solastalgia as grounds for modified obligations or mission design constraints; and fiqh-based criteria delineating ethical limits to space expansion itself. In this vision, astrofiqh becomes not a permissive addendum to space policy but a normative governor of human expansion beyond Earth.

The uncomfortable reality is that such a thinker will sit uneasily within existing categories. They will appear too religious for secular space ethics, too speculative for classical jurists, too normative for psychologists, and too grounded for mystics. Yet this marginality is precisely the mark of their necessity. They emerge at moments of civilizational phase transition, when inherited frameworks can no longer fully metabolize new conditions of existence.

Ultimately, the astrofiqh of solastalgia demands a thinker who treats the loss of Earth not as an engineering inconvenience but as a profound moral signal. This is a thinker capable of holding generativity without fantasy, embodiment without parochialism, normativity without rigidity, and cosmic vision without abstraction. As humanity ventures beyond its planetary home, such reconstructive work will determine whether expansion remains an act of stewardship—or becomes a flight from responsibility.