Hassan Zaraket Sister Nicole probably it happened when the cultural sides dominates the Islamic (authentic/religious) ones?
Nicole Correri No not necessarily, that’s an easy out. These structures come out of Islamic jurisprudence and discourse from male elite that fully identify as Muslim and claim Islam as the basis for these structures and practices.
Ishmael Abraham There are only two authentic female figures in Islam who understood jurisprudence well. One is Mother of Believers and the other is Rabia Basri. The details of jurisprudence are based on Hadith. Both Shia and Sunni believers understand the importance of Hadith. What modernist feminists like Amina Wadud do is to discard Hadith. But you cannot be a Shia believer without Hadith.
A spiritual Ishmaelite 